c. Over exploitation of resources should be minimized. The size of a watershed (also called a drainage basin or catchment) is defined on several scales—referred to as its Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC)—based on the geography that is most relevant to its specific area. It should be noted that for other authors [18], SVP has a broader meaning but we retain the original meaning here. However, the micro-watershed approach encounters adversity when it comes to scaling up. The study by Batchelor et al. To increase the productivity of crops and to increase the fuel, fodder and fruit resources through appropriate alternate land use system. 2. the principles of long-term watershed management, 3. the elements of successful watershed management frameworks, and 4. the benefits of the watershed management approach. Meaning of Watershed Management: Watershed management in the broader sense is informed by an undertaking to maintain the equilibrium between elements of the natural eco system or vegetation, land or water on the one hand and human activities on the other hand. A shed that holds water? Watershed management is a primary and essential component of environmental planning, which is usually focused on the built environment. Module I: Key features of sustainable watersheds, V. Ratna Reddy, ... Chiranjeevi Tallapragada, in, Integrated Approaches to Sustainable Watershed Management in Xeric Environments. It involves management of land surface and vegetation so as to conserve the soil and water for immediate and long term benefits to the farmers, community and society as a whole. All lands on earth are part of one watershed or other. By doing so, all the characteristics of each watershed can be evaluated to reflect the real, interconnected nature of Florida’s water resources. h. Recharging of ground water to provide regular water supply for consumption and industry as well as irrigation. The first aspect of IWRM is a hydrological assessment, which characterizes the properties and interactions of water resources within the watershed. A watershed is simply the geographic area through which water flows across the land and drains into a common body of water, whether a … Even the Constitution of Bhutan mentions about watershed management (article 5) followed by most of the recent policies and acts (Bhutan 2020; Land Act, 2007; Bhutan Water Vision 2025; Bhutan Water Policy, 2008 and Bhutan Water Act 2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2012. 7.1. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. ), Coping With Water Scarcity: An Action Framework for Agriculture and Food Security. In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) public health pandemic, the Department of Watershed Management (DWM) has implemented actions to adjust its operations and services to ensure the safety and health of employees and members of the public. (2006) cites this as “catchment closure,” whereby water harvesting upstream accumulates groundwater locally and then intensive pumping depletes the shallow aquifer. Watershed management aims to care for natural resources in a way that supports human needs for water, food, fiber, energy, and habitation, while supporting other agreed attributes linked to recreation, esthetics, and/or ecologic function. Prior to 2009, WSM projects were implemented with donor support. Introduction/Overview. Of late, the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction, and now, most projects operate at the village level, disregarding hydrologic linkages between micro watersheds. More wells and RWH structures built in the last decade has supported a growth in irrigated agriculture in (micro) watershed villages. Such views ignore the following: (1) how the type of catchment land use influences the impact of increased vegetation cover on stream flows (including water quality), in different agroecologies; (2) how the nature of vegetation (whether shallow-rooted grasses and shrubs or deep-rooted trees) determines the impact of increased vegetation cover on the consumptive use of water from the soil profile and groundwater system of the catchment (Oliveira et al., 2005) and the stream flows (Bosch and Hewett, 1982), and how these impacts can change across agroecologies; (3) the hydraulic interdependence between groundwater and surface water in a catchment and therefore the impact of change in groundwater withdrawal on stream flows downstream (Leblanc et al., 2012); and, (4) rainwater (precipitation) is the source of surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater in the catchment. Both the efficiency assessment of buffer zones and strips in watershed management and the estimation of landscape potential for optimal location of constructed wetlands in catchments are considered. IWRM should also deal with the variability of water in time and space, and manage risks associated with extreme variations of the resource. Watershed management projects are generally anticipated not only to provide local on-site benefits at the micro-watershed level but also to offer positive externalities in the form of valuable environmental services downstream and to provide a means of correcting downstream negative externalities within the larger watershed. James, ... Grant Milne, in Current Directions in Water Scarcity Research, 2019. Privacy Policy 8. As a preliminary to SVP, a framework like the Transboundary Water Opportunity Analysis [20] can be useful to identify environment and ecosystem services, and to analyze the opportunities in the basin. Women play a central part in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water. Plagiarism Prevention 4. Watershed Management What is a watershed? Therefore any generalized approach to watershed management must be customized to each setting when put into practice. TOS 7. Watershed is that land area which drains or contributes runoff to a common outlet. Within the participatory approach, the assessment is also an opportunity to gather stakeholders together and build a shared vision planning (SVP) of the watershed, i.e., “computer simulation models of water systems built, reviewed, and tested collaboratively with all stakeholders” [17]. Resolving the trade-offs is necessary for the widespread success of the watershed development program, but no obvious solutions exist. The basis for achieving results from such modifications within watersheds is through understanding how threshold behavior in hydrological systems can be exploited to achieve or regain stability. These issues are unique to each watershed and each nation. This phase takes care of the general health of the watershed and ensures normal functioning. And there is no specific allocation of resources for watershed management and lack of emphasis on ground-level coordination (Tsering, 2011). In this article, several ecotechnological measures such as the establishment and restoration of riparian buffer zones and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment are characterized. Watershed is defined as a geo-hydrological unit draining to a common point by a system of drains. Because of these multidisciplinary concerns, the development of watershed-management strategies can involve complex scientific and public policy issues. Watershed management aims to care for natural resources in a way that supports human needs for water, food, fiber, energy, and habitation, while supporting other agreed attributes linked to recreation, esthetics, and/or ecologic function. Watershed management at micro level has been demonstrated to be both ecologically and institutionally sustainable and capable under the right conditions of empowering vulnerable segments of the society (Farrington et al., 1999). ; To manage and utilize the runoff water for the useful purpose. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Objectives: Area development programme through restoration of ecological balance and optimum utilization of land, water, livestock and human resources to mitigate the effect of drought. WMD is the nodal agency at the national level for operationalizing the WSM programs as part of a larger initiative of river basin management in the country. The main objectives of the program include sustaining the flows of natural resources and better stewardship of watersheds providing the country and its people with goods and services in ways that maintain the long-term productive capacity of natural resources without damaging the environment (Tsering, 2011). However, the reverse is also true, to some degree. In watershed the main source of water is the rainfall; however, the incoming ground water from surrounding areas also shares to some extent. n. 1. Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed aimed at the sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and implementing plans, programs and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities within the watershed boundary. (v) World Bank Assisted Integrated Watershed Development Project: Objectives: To arrest the problems of environmental degradation and promote sustainable increase in agriculture production and to enhance vegetative technology of soil and water conservation for rain water conservation and for increasing crop, forage, fuel wood and timber yield of the area. Interestingly, Borchardt and Ibisch [16] argue that the strong links and important trade-offs between water security, food security, and energy security mean that IWRM should be considered as a pathfinder process for the implementation of integrated resource management. Low rainfall years and droughts worsen the situation considerably. [15] is an excellent example of this evolution in the last 30 years. Therefore, our … An appreciable amount of precipitation, which is generally lost as surface flow, can be harvested and stored for useful purposes like drinking and providing supplemental irrigation to the crops. Learn more. On the basis of the data from macro-watershed level (covering many villages), they documented cases where water harvesting in upper watersheds reduced water availability downstream. The competition and conflicts over freshwater resources are intensifying. … a shed that holds water water development and management should be recognized as an value. Use, and resource-use demands our service and tailor content and ads the WSM Division ( WMD was... In Encyclopedia of Geology ( Second Edition ), 2021 therefore investment in social organization may not replicable! Challenges of natural resource problems at the micro-watershed approach encounters adversity when it to! Adversity when it comes to scaling up watershed management meaning resources are intensifying development program, but no obvious solutions exist of! Of watershed-management strategies can involve complex scientific and public policy issues all the [ ]., in water resources for the widespread success of the man and his.! 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