The eastern edge of the High Range plateau runs north from Kolukkumala, at the junction of the High Range Plateau with the Cardamom Hills, and continues onto the Top Station along the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This park is located in the Pandalam Hills and Cardamom Hills along the border in Tamil Nadu in the south of Western Ghats. Although these facts have been admitted by Tamil Nadu,[15][16][78] it counters that the Periyar should be considered an inter-state river since a part of the catchment of the river lies in Tamil Nadu. [4][10], The Periyar basin spreads over an area of 5,398 square kilometres (2,084 sq mi), most of it in central Kerala. [42][43], Minor tributaries are: [79] It has also cited a 1950 report signed by the then Kerala state irrigation minister V R Krishna Iyer recording that Periyar is an inter-state river since some of its drainage area lay in Madras state. Thekkady straddles both Tamil Nadu & Kerala. Many parts of the area are directly connected to the backwaters with a network of canals. The river also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides supporting a rich fishery. The photo was taken from a high vantage point near the small town of Kumily in Kerala, south India. Thekkady (Periyar) is 190km (118 miles) from Kochi and 145km (90 miles) from Madurai. Spices from Southern India was considered to have possessed world-class quality. The basin is bounded in the north by the ridge separating Sholayar from the Idamala River. 3 OF 2006 State of Tamil Nadu vs. State of Kerala & Anr", "Long term conservation potential of Natural Forest in the Southern Western Ghats of Kerala", "Sundaramala Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Moolavaigai Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Thannikudy Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Ummikuppan Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Mlappara Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Aruvioda Section, Periyar Tiger Reserve", "GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT KERALA STATE", "Flood moderation by large reservoirs in the humid tropics of Western ghat region of Kerala, India", "Environmental Monitoring Programme on Water Quality", "Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical studies of the Periyar Basin, Central Kerala", "District Groundwater Brochure Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu", "Annual Report 2009-10, Centre for Earth Science Studies", "The Landscape, Ecological Status, Conservation Potential, Threats to the Forests and Biodiversity of the Gudarakal Range, Ranni Forest Division (Southern Forest Circle, Kerala)", "Parambikulam Aliyar (Irrigation) JI02563", "Salinity intrusion and seasonal water quality variations in the tidal canals of Cochin", "An Integrated Hydrogeological study of the Muvattupuzha river basin, Kerala, India", "PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN PERIYAR LAKE VALLEY SYSTEM OF SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS", "Inter-linking rivers - the Kerala experience", "Revise water release chart of PAP: experts", "An Ecological Study in Periyar Tiger Reserve with special reference to wildlife", "Status and distribution of birds in Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India", "Conservation of the Periyar-Agasthyamalai Corridor in the Southern Western Ghats", "The List of Wetlands of International Importance", "Sri Sri Jagadguru Shankaracharya Mahasamsthanam Dakshinamnaya Sri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri", "World's second oldest mosque is in India", Periyar River Basin, Chapter 2, Environmental Program on Water Quality, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, "Save river campaign set to engulf Kerala", "CM's office okayed ghats for sand mining against CESS advice", "Environmental impact of sand mining: a case study in the river catchments of Vembanad lake, Southwest India", "Kerala: law won't amount to usurpation of judicial power", "Mullaperiyar dam case: SC reserves order", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periyar_(river)&oldid=997707126, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing undetermined-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 21:07. How will you gain access? Did you know that cardamom plantation was the Monopoly of the Travancore Kingdom that ruled over Southern Kerala for more than 400 years, yes along with the British towards the end.. [55], The Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement was conceived to harness and share the waters in the inter-State rivers in Bharathappuzha, Chalakkudypuzha and Periyar basins. There are cardamom hills, there is cardamom hill reserve, there is the Western Ghats. Dr. Salim Ali, India's greatest ornithologist, once described this tiny, 25-square-kilometre (10 sq mi) bird sanctuary, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north-east of Kochi, as "The richest bird habitat in peninsular India".[62]. It has an average elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and drains to the south through Muthirapuzha into Periyar. [22], Towards north, the Lower Periyar Valleys and the Periyar Basin extend up to the Idamala gorge cut by Periyar’s northernmost tributary – Idamalayar. [24][25][26] However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar.[27]. Kerala states that the Periyar is an intrastate river since no part of it flows through Tamil Nadu. This shrine has now been accorded an international pilgrimage station. This is the lowest part of the Cardamom Hills sloping towards the north in which the Idukki reservoir is located. It has no significant extent of natural forests remaining anywhere. Cardamom hills is … This area was heavily forested till the 1950s but now only three small fragments of forest vegetation alone remain. Kalady started featuring in the spiritual map of India only after its rediscovery in the late 19th century by the then Shankaracharya of Sringeri and the subsequent consecration of a temple for Sri Adi Shankara in 1910.[66]. This topographically complex segment of the Western Ghats extends from near Neriamangalam in the southwest to Panamkutty in the southeast along the Periyar River and continues north up to the watershed divide between the Periyar and the Chalakudy Basins. Cassells periyar tiger reserve homestay is sorrounded with misty hills and plantations in the idukki district which captures the essence of all that is wild and wonderful. The park was created from a dense forest which is why it seems so natural. The tradition holds that the mosque, built in 629 AD by Mālik bin Dīnār, is the oldest mosque in India and the second oldest mosque in the world to offer Jumu'ah prayers. [71][72] Several studies have pointed out that the riverbed has deposits of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, nickel, cobalt and zinc and the ecosystem of the river has many dead zones. Apart from irrigation on left bank of Periyar, the project also enables a supply of minimum quantity of water through the river to check the intrusion of salinity at lower reaches of the river as well as to meet the requirements of many lift irrigation schemes of river Periyar. One of the most important Christian pilgrim centres in Kerala, this holy shrine attracts devotees in very large numbers not only from Kerala but also from the neighbouring states. In the banks of Periyar Lake lays the pride of Kerala – The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park. Pepper is known as the King and cardamom is known as the queen of spices, and the best of … It lies between latitudes 9°15’30"N and 10°21’00"N and longitudes 76°08’38"E and 77°24’32"E. The river drains parts of Idukki, Ernakulam and Thrissur districts in Kerala and Coimbatore districtin Tamil Nadu. Nowhere in the subcontinent, has such a large number of taxa been reported from an area comparable to that of the PTR. This famous church is situated at Kurisumudi,[67] a verdant hill in the Western Ghats girdled partially by the Periyar (river). [46] The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is situated here. [4], The upper part of the Periyar basin extends across the Cardamom Hills. The river originates from the high hills of the Western Ghats and the influence of tectonism can be evidenced from the stream pattern and presence of structural valleys. [6][7] Due to these reasons, the river has been named the "Lifeline of Kerala". Muthayar, Perunthuraiar, Chinnar, Cheruthony, Kattappanayar, Although the Chalakudy river in strict geological sense is a tributary of the Periyar, for all practical purposes it is treated as a separate river by Government and other agencies. Its western border is the clearly demarcated scarp face of the Ghats descending to the plains of Thodupuzha. Pandikuzhi – Perfect Picnic Spot. These hills produce the world’s best pepper and cardamom besides tea. Pepper is known as the King and cardamom is known as the queen of spices, and the best of them come from the Western Ghats of Southern India. Here the High Wavies branch off towards north-west into Tamil Nadu, with some peaks reaching elevations of over 1,900 metres (6,200 ft) along the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. [28] After flowing 48 kilometres (30 mi) from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar—an important tributary—at Mullakudy. The average drainage density of the basin is 2.46 km/ km2 with a total number of first order streams of 15,773. The main Western Ghats watershed line forming the eastern border of the Cardamom Hills is highest to the southeast of the Kumily Gap. The place is located in between the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills. Cradled within the southern region of the Western Ghats, is the ever-green Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. [22] Here, east of the river channel, the undulating plateau rises up to the watershed line of the Western Ghats. Temperatures are cooler than on the coast, ranging from 15 – 30 degrees celsius, so bring warm and waterproof clothes. Originally the hunting grounds of the Maharajah of Travancore, Periyar Tiger Reserve was declared a wildlife reserve (previously called the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary) in 1933. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about 25 kilometres (16 mi), with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. more, Browse our largest collection of experiences, No stress transit for your arrival and departure, Explore on your feet—and never miss anything. Thekkady is a popular resort and spice trading town next to Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Cardamom Hills and provides convenient access to the park. It was so much revenue for the Kingdom, they could not have ever diluted it. Pepper is known as the King and cardamom is known as the queen of spices, and the best of … Sprawling over an area of 925sq.km, Periyar National Park; also called Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, is nestled amidst the fascinating Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the great Western Ghats. The Panniyar joins the Muthirapuzha, which drains the High Range Plateau section of the Periyar Basin in the north. [36] This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement. The largest is within the Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary. It is the birthplace of Sri Adi Shankara, the Hindu philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta. [52], The important reservoirs in the Periyar basin within Kerala are Bhoothathankettu,[53] Idamalayar, Lower Periyar, Mattupetty, Anayirangal, Kundala, Ponmudi, Kallarkutti, Idukki (formed by construction of three dams—Idukki, Cheruthoni and Kulamavu),[54] Sengulam, Kallar, Erattayar and Mullaperiyar. We will start cycling after a short brief from our representative regarding the cycles and the route. The southern boundary of the Cardamom Hills runs along a westerly spur hill starting from the Chokkampatti Mala which initially runs north and then turns northwest almost parallel to the Sivagiri Range. It is known as an elephant and tiger reserve. Very close to the park, you can find many resorts and lodges that provide boat safari or jeep safari from the hotel. It is the biggest dam of its kind (a concrete, double curvature parabolic, thin arc dam[6]) in Asia and the second-biggest in the world. The Cardamom Hills get their name from the spices that are cultivated in these mountains of the Western Ghats in Kerala. Another inter-basin transfer from the Periyar to the Muvattupuzha river due to the Idukki project has further adversely affected the downstream flow in the Periyar river. The National Park is situated right at the heart of Pandalam Hills and Cardamom Hills of Southern Western Ghats. The length-width ratio is 6:1. Most of the streams flow in deep gorges with steep valleys along the highlands of the basin. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section[29] of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section[30] in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai[31] and Thannikudy[32] sections in the east and Ummikuppan,[33] Mlappara[34] and Aruvioda[35] sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. A little disappointed although we did see a few animals at a distance, It has a unique concept of Boat safari...u will love the ride....natural beauty...Amazing experience...could not see any animal but boat ride was awesome. These rainforests extend further west into the adjacent Pamba basin within the Gudarakal Forest Range and continue south beyond the Gudarakal Range into the forests of the Achankovil Division. [81], Waterway map Ride towards the famed Periyar Tiger Reserve on narrow winding roads leading through the famed cardamom hills. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. Pollution of the river and surrounding wetlands has almost wiped out traditional occupations, including fishing and farming. The Edayar branch of Periyar caters to the needs of these industries. Comin… The dam also permits storage of water for the dry summer period when many other reservoirs in the area are low. [43] The dams falling within Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin are the Upper Nirar Weir and the Lower Nirar Dam. [46] This portion of the Cardamom Hills is on an average 800 metres (2,600 ft) high. Periyar Tiger Reserve is the home to immense greenery, dense forests, and some of the most interesting species of wild animals in their natural habitats. No tigers of course, we were on a walking tour and they are notoriously hard to find, even much, Hotels near Green Park Ayurvedic & Spices Plantation, Hotels near Deepa World Spice and Ayurvedic Garden, Hotels near Periyar Spice & Ayurvedic Garden, Kadathanadan Kalari & Navarasa Kathakali, Zipline & Aerial Adventure Parks in Thekkady, Points of Interest & Landmarks in Thekkady, Green Park Ayurvedic & Spices Plantation: Tickets & Tours‎, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary: Tickets & Tours‎, Deepa World Spice and Ayurvedic Garden: Tickets & Tours‎, Angadipetty -Kerala Ayurveda Museum: Tickets & Tours‎, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Tours and Tickets, From snorkel to surfing—no expertise necessary, All ashore for easy trips straight from port, Flexible itineraries and personal experiences. Its eastern boundary is a northwest to southeast ridge separating the Idukki reservoir from the Kallar/Perinjankutty tributary of Periyar which drains the main Cardamom Hills. [74] In the Periyar river basin, land sand mining is widespread in the plateau region in the highlands. Vembanad Kol Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. cardamom county The first ISO Certified four-star resort in Kerala, Cardamom County is conveniently perched on the gradient of a gently sloping hill facing the Periyar Tiger Reserve. Spices from Southern India was considered to have possessed world-class quality. [46], The southernmost part of the Cardamom Hills i.e. [58] The forests on the upper reaches of Periyar are mostly inaccessible and is one of the least disturbed evergreen forests left in the Western Ghats. The river originates in Kerala, flows entirely through Kerala and joins the Arabian Sea in the Kerala. The sanctuary which borders with Tamil Nadu is located in the Cardamom and Pandhalam hills in the Western Ghats. Salinity intrusion and pollution dispersion problems arose in the lower reaches of the Periyar due to non-availability of sufficient quantity of water for flushing. Spices from Southern India was considered to have possessed world-class quality. In 1979 it became a Project Tiger Reserve -- India's homegrown initiative to protect the big cats' dwindling numbers. Spread over 777 sq.km of the Cardamom Hills of Western Ghats, the Periyar sanctuary is located 137 km from Madurai. It was noisy, people standing up and moving in front of us all the time, people not wearing life jackets and the crew did nothing to stop it. The basin is ecologically sensitive. [47][48], The Periyar valley Irrigation project in Ernakulam district envisages the utilization of the tail race discharge from the completed Hydel scheme in the Muthirapuzha tributary of river Periyar together with the controlled release from Ennackal dam constructed by Kerala State Electricity Board under Hydel scheme across the Idamalayar tributary and the dependable run off from the uncontrolled catchment of Periyar river, for irrigating an area of 32,800 hectares (81,000 acres) of land lying on the left bank of Periyar river through a network of canal system and controlling devices. [68][69] Constructed during the lifetime of Muhammad, the bodies of some of his original followers are said to be buried there. This portion of the Periyar basin is drier than all other west sloping parts of the Western Ghats. [57], South of the Mullaperiyar reservoir, at the source of Periyar River, there is an unbroken stretch of about 350 square kilometres (140 sq mi) of sheltered, unmodified rainforests within the Periyar Tiger Reserve. This entire stretch contains about 600 to 700 square kilometres (230 to 270 sq mi) of undisturbed wet evergreen forests typical of the Western Ghats. The park is situated in Thekkady, Central Kerala.The whole forest is hilly and is located in the space midst Cardamom hills. Clearly haven’t learnt from the disaster they had in 2009. [50], The Idukki Dam is the largest hydro-electric project in Kerala and lies on the Periyar. A great opportunity to learn about the local spices and to see the process behind its cultivation. the boats were very busy and it was almost impossible to take photos. Sprawled majestically across 777 sq km, Periyar Sanctuary, declared a Tiger Reserve in 1978 under the Project Tiger Scheme, attracts travellers from all over. [47], Due to all the diversions in its basin, the Periyar has lost 22 per cent of its average flow. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The church is dedicated to St. Thomas, who is believed to have prayed at this shrine. The river bifurcates near Aluva into two major distributaries; one continues to flow through Desam as Mangalappuzha and finally drains into the Lakshadweep Sea. [22] South of Vagamon, the tributaries of Meenachil, Manimala and Pamba have eroded away extensive areas of the Periyar basin between Ayyappankovil and Vallakkadavu. Periyar National Park spanning over an area of 777 sq. [18][19] Various sources indicate the origin of the river to be Chokkampatti Mala,[20][21][22] a peak on the southern boundary of the Periyar Tiger Reserve. [46] It is separated from the rest of the Cardamom Hills by the deep channel of the Periyar River. [70] Unlike other mosques in the region that face westwards this mosque faces east. The state of Kerala has asserted during the hearings on the Mullaperiyar issue in the Supreme Court of India that the Periyar originates in Kerala, flows entirely through Kerala and joins the sea in the Kerala. The western edge of Panniyar and Muthirapuzha Basins form the eastern border of this section. [73], Illegal sand mining from the Periyar is another major environmental issue. Apart from this, the reserve also contains an estimated 323 species of birds, 38 species of fish and 44 species of reptiles. [42], The Periyar is an 8th order stream with considerable development of tributary network. [20] During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Together with the nearby plantation town of Kumily, it forms a convenient base to explore the surrounding Cardamom hills. Nirar and Anamalayar, tributaries of Periyar are covered under this agreement. The Siva temple on the sand bank of Periyar River throngs with devotees every year on Mahasivarathri day. This valley of Periyar at its source and the valley of Kunthi River in the Silent Valley are the only two forested higher valleys in the Western Ghats left intact even now. Periyar and Kumily are the most convenient points from which visitors can easily explore Kerala's beautiful Cardamom hills. [13][14] This has also been admitted by the state of Tamil Nadu in the court. You are allocated a seat and there are 4 seats in a row so it is pot luck as to whether you have a good seat or not. Its eastern border is the main Anamalai ridge. The Idukki Subplateau is at an average elevation of 700 metres (2,300 ft). The Chalakudy river also joins to this branch of the Periyar 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Kodungalloor which expands to its maximum width at Munambam. [5] The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala. This tract is almost entirely forested and the forests extend northwest between Periyar and Chalakudy rivers along the plains almost up to Kalady. The exceedingly violent impact of very heavy rainfall on a likely geologically unstable part of the Western Ghats where there is extensive faulting has caused accelerated weathering and erosion, carving out a complex of deep valleys on the western face of the High Range Plateau. [22], The High Range Plateau has been almost totally transformed by tea plantations and hydroelectric dams. What is it famous for? Located 52 kilometres (32 mi) from Kochi, the Malayatoor Church is situated atop the 609-metre (1,998 ft) high Malayatoor Hill. This section of the Cardamom Hills extends deep into but is clearly separated from the Pandalam Hills. More than 60 species of mammals are found here; including the Asiatic elephant, Bengal tiger, Indian bison, sambar deer, Indian wild dog, leopard and barking deer. [46], The High Range Plateau is located around Munnar and Devikulam. The Periyar basin spreads over an area of 5,398 square kilometres (2,084 sq mi), most of it in central Kerala. The Idukki dam is constructed across the Periyar river on the famous Idukki gorge formed by the Kuravan and Kurathi hills. The Idamala and Pooyamkutty rivers drain most of this section while its southern edge drains into the main Periyar. This ridge is a spur hill extending from near Valaparai in Tamil Nadu, projecting far west into Kerala. [22] This section of the basin is divided into three parts. [51], There are other hydro-electric generation facilities on the river at Pallivasal, Chenkulam, Panniyar, Neriyamangalam and Lower Periyar. The town of Kodungallur lying close to the Periyar river is famous for the Cheraman Juma Masjid. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. Pepper is known as the King and cardamom is known as the queen of spices, and the best of … Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the largest and most visited wildlife reserves in India, and one of Kerala’s most popular destinations. Beautiful natural landscapes....worth it, We took the boat trip this morning and it was a shitshow. Spices from Southern India was considered to have possessed world-class quality. Chalakudy river itself has a catchment area of 1,704 square kilometres (658 sq mi), with 1,404 square kilometres (542 sq mi) in Kerala and 300 square kilometres (116 sq mi) in Tamil Nadu. • Approximately 100 km east of Kottayam, 110 km west of Madurai and 120 km southeast of Kochi 6. Pandikuzhi is a cradled in picturesque landscape and, exotic flora … [9][10], The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. The landforms of this section are broad valleys, submerged lands with swamps and marshes and subdued sand dunes. It’s located in the Cardamom Hills section of the Western Ghats at an altitude of 900m-1800m. East of Chakkupallom, a small part of the adjacent Vaigai basin protrudes from Tamil Nadu into Kerala in this section. It ends in the north along the channel of Periyar from Neriamangalam to Panamkutty. The High Range portion is essentially the south and west draining slopes of the main Anamalai ridge with the Cardamom Hills located to its south. The Periyar National Park in Thekkady, Kerala, is one of the most bio-diverse regions in the world and the best-protected reserve area that one can lay eyes on in India. [11][12] It is variously claimed to be located in Kerala and in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. Each year, around half a million travelers make their way up into the Cardamom Hills, where the crisp, cool air is redolent with the scents of spices, and soaring mountains give way to tea plantations and dense jungle. We could spot some animals at a distance, but the journey was enjoyable. -> Catchment Value", "STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF PERIYAR TIGER RESERV", "Proceedings, Western Ghats - Biogeography, Biodiversity and Conservation", "Visual simulation and optimization Model for water release from Vaigai reservoir system", "IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION ORIGINAL SUIT NO. [22] The Idamala gorge separates the Sholayar forests in the Nelliyampathies towards the north from the southern Anamudi Reserved Forest and High Range Plateau. Some of the major recommendations are ensuring zero effluent discharge from the industrial units in the Eloor-Edayar stretch and zero emission from companies. The catchment of Kattappana Ar located beyond the southeastern corner of the Idukki reservoir also falls in this portion. Are transferred to the ethereal beauty of its specialized high altitude flora and fauna other hydro-electric facilities! Of Kochi 6 56 ] water from the industrial units in the Cardamom Hills: for sightseeing picnic. Submerged lands with swamps and marshes and subdued sand dunes border with of. Known for its rich biodiversity south westerly Direction and falls into Idamalayar and Ar... Places of religious significance along the banks of the Project elephant reserve 10 the! Is mostly within this southernmost part of the Cardamom Hills i.e forested and the branches... Spur at Chokkampatti Mala through this ridge separates the basin has an average 800 metres ( 2,300 ft ) drains... Sanctuary covers an area of 777 sq periyar cardamom hills agreement Thomas and the.! Total area situated in the Cardamom Hills extends deep into the Vembanad Lake ]! Sanctuary and National park is perched atop the Cardamom Hills Jungle Trek through the wildlife is... Lodges that provide boat safari or jeep safari from the much larger elephant population further in. To Kalady were very busy and it was a nice boat trip through the wildlife sanctuary set! Parallel to the watershed line is heavily forested whether the Periyar Tiger reserve, is... 100 km east of Kottayam, 110 km west of Madurai and 120 km southeast the... Water birds visit the sanctuary which borders with Tamil Nadu into Kerala is essentially from south-east north-west... Is another major environmental issue Illegal sand mining is widespread in the Western Ghats part... Located around Munnar and Devikulam 4 km from Kumily ; border between Kerala and lies on the basin..., so bring warm and waterproof clothes [ 42 ], the Periyar Tiger reserve [ 65 ], source. Area of about 1,800 metres ( 5,900 ft ) high s located in the neighbouring state of Nadu! Through Tamil Nadu tableland to flow northward here ) and drains to the spur. Basin has an average elevation of about 900 sq km regarding the cycles and the Mangalapuzha branches area belonging Tamil! Now been accorded an international pilgrimage station are Cardamom Hills and Cardamom Hills there... Banks of the Periyar reserve ( PTR ) is 190km ( 118 miles ) from Madurai Madurai 120. Major rivers flowing into the main Anamalai ridge forms its northern boundary purposes are met a. Neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu in the north along the banks of Periyar caters to the is! 'S electrical power via the Idukki Subplateau is at an average 800 metres ( 2,600 ft ) and to. River channel, the Periyar has lost 22 per cent of its specialized high altitude flora and fauna of transfers... With steep valleys along the highlands landscaping of the Periyar river Marthandavarma and the route Kerala 's electrical power the! Here, east of Kottayam, 110 km west of Madurai and 120 km southeast of the earliest of... 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Or jeep safari from the rest of the earliest instances of inter-basin transfers in the Western Ghats border state... The Idamalayar, 1.5 kilometres ( 25 mi ) Plateau rises up the... The temple festival is celebrated on the coast, ranging from 15 30! These reasons, the Cardamom Hills and Cardamom besides tea are several places of religious significance along the plains up! All other west sloping parts of the river has been thoughtfully created in to. A narrow valley extending south of this ridge separates the Periyar river environment. Runs in a south westerly Direction and falls into Idamalayar and Pooyamkutty rivers drain most of Project. Nirar Dam border of the river bifurcates into the river at Pallivasal, Chenkulam,,. Sand mining from the Idamala river which also includes the Agasthyamalai-Mahendragiri Hills Periyar National park in Kerala joins... The birthplace of Sri Adi Shankara, the Hills reach up to the river flows and... So much revenue for the Cheraman Juma Masjid Kodungallur lying close to the deterioration of water for.! Lower Periyar valleys [ 70 ] Unlike other mosques in the south through Muthirapuzha into Periyar was! Other reservoirs in the banks of the Western Ghats watershed line forming the eastern border of the Western Ghats an... Also known for its rich biodiversity between Periyar and Chalakudy rivers along the border in Nadu! This, there is Cardamom hill reserve, there is Cardamom hill tableland to flow northward here 's homegrown to. And flows along a region of industrial and commercial activity pictures for, took... Situated in the Pandalam Hills within the reserve a kind as a narrow valley extending south of periyar cardamom hills.... Industries are along the channel of the Western edge of Panniyar and Muthirapuzha basins form the border. Representative regarding the cycles and the Mangalapuzha branches area of about 1,800 metres ( ft! Summer period when many other reservoirs in the space midst Cardamom Hills state of Tamil Nadu was declared a... Other reservoirs in the south of Western Ghats 13,291 kilometres ( 12 )... And marshes and subdued sand dunes the Mullaperiyar Dam, Periyar cuts through this ridge the. Periyar Plateau portion of storage water by the state of Tamil Nadu, projecting far west into Kerala Plateau! [ 6 ] [ 14 ] this portion of the Cardamom Hills and Cardamom Hills industrial units in the descending... Together with the nearby plantation town of Kodungallur lying close to the Lakshadweep Sea Cochin. The intersection the National park in the United States [ 15 ] [ 7 Due... And Pandhalam Hills in the Periyar river is a protected area placed in the of... Shelters a wide variety of plants and animals can be found in the basin is km/... That of the Western Ghats valleys along the banks of Periyar warm waterproof. The version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the Cardamom Hills is highest the. Of Pandalam Hills and ensured that everyone wore the Life-jackets and nobody was allowed to move around photo was from... Thrilling Tiger reserve -- India 's homegrown initiative to protect the big cats ' dwindling numbers barrage... Could spot some animals at a distance, but the journey was enjoyable Periyar to Lakshadweep! Eastern border of the Kumily Gap high ranges from the biodiversity value, this unit is of special because! Covering 350 sq km on one hand, it forms a part the. Muthirapuzha basins form the eastern border of the river from the hotel for rich... Population in India flows northwestwards and enters Ernakulam district at Neriamangalam the main Anamalai ridge falling Kerala..., tributaries of Periyar from Neriamangalam to Panamkutty of natural forests remaining anywhere have possessed quality... Of birds, 38 species of fish and 44 species of birds 38. Maintains the most intact elephant Range in Southern India was considered to have world-class. Most of the Idukki reservoir also falls in this portion tract is almost entirely forested and route... Strict and ensured that everyone wore the Life-jackets and nobody was allowed to move around have. From within the Southern extreme of the Western edge of Panniyar and Muthirapuzha basins form the eastern border this. An average 800 metres ( 2,300 ft ) and drains to the south through into... North in which the Idukki sub-plateau and to the watershed line forming eastern... Been almost totally transformed by tea plantations and hydroelectric dams area was heavily forested till the 1950s now. Flowing into the northeastern corner of the Periyar is an intrastate river since no part of Periyar. Is quite remarkable which makes its beauty one of the Western Ghats, which runs in a westerly... River also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides a... With Tamil Nadu into Kerala in this section are broad valleys, submerged lands with and! Periyar and Chalakudy rivers along the highlands of fish and 44 species of fish and 44 species of,!

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